conditional instability

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  1. The state of a layer of unsaturated air when its lapse rate of temperature is less than the dry-adiabatic lapse rate but greater than the moist-adiabatic lapse rate.
    Under such conditions a parcel of air at the environmental temperature is unstable to upward vertical displacements if it is saturated, unstable to downward displacements if it is saturated and contains cloud water, but stable to all small vertical displacements if it is unsaturated. For descending air containing only rain water, the stability depends on both the lapse rate and the drop-size distribution. This definition does not require that such a parcel be obtained by adiabatic displacement from any level. It also does not require that the energy released from latent heating (convective available potential energy, CAPE) be greater than the convective inhibition (CIN) required to bring the parcel to its level of free convection.
  2. Similar to definition 1 except that it must be possible for a parcel displaced adiabatically from some level and with conservation of total water mixing ratio to attain the environmental temperature in a saturated state.
    The choice of usage of the term "conditional instability" has been uncertain and sometimes controversial for at least 50 years. Haurwitz defined it approximately as definition 1, and this has been most frequently accepted. However, Byers used a definition similar to definition 2. Beers separated the definition into three subdefinitions, "stable type," corresponding to definition 1 when a moist parcel cannot be obtained, and "pseudolatent"and "real latent," corresponding to definition 2 but with the last requiring essentially that CAPE be greater than CIN. Dutton subscribes to the Haurwitz definition, while Emanuel develops a definition similar to definition 2, but with elaboration similar to that of Beers.

Haurwitz, B. 1941. Dynamic Meteorology. McGraw–Hill.
Byers, H. 1944. General Meteorology. McGraw–Hill.
Beers 1945. Atmospheric Physics. Handbook of Meteorology. eds. Berry, Bollay, and Beers.
Dutton, J. 1995. Dynamics of Atmospheric Motion. Dover Press.
Emanuel, K. 1994. Atmospheric Convection. Oxford Univ. Press, . 580 pp.

inestabilidad condicional[edit | edit source]

  1. Es el estado de una capa de aire insaturado cuando su gradiente de temperatura es menor que el gradiente adiabático seco, pero mayor que el gradiente adiabático húmedo.

    En dichas condiciones, una parcela de aire temperatura ambiental es inestable ante desplazamientos verticales ascendentes si está saturada, es inestable a los desplazamientos descendentes si está saturada y contiene agua de nube, pero es estable ante todo desplazamiento vertical pequeño si está insaturada. Para el aire descendente que solamente contiene agua de lluvia, la estabilidad depende tanto del gradiente como de la distribución del tamaño de las gotas. Esta definición no requiere la obtención de dicha parcela a través de desplazamiento adiabático desde cualquier nivel. Tampoco requiere que la energía liberada por el calentamiento latente (CAPE) sea mayor que la inhibición convectiva (CIN) requerida para llevar a la parcela a su nivel de convección libre.

  2. Similar a la definición 1, excepto que debe ser posible que una parcela desplazada adiabáticamente desde algún nivel y con conservación de la proporción de mezcla total de agua alcance la temperatura ambiental en un estado saturado.

    La elección del uso del término "inestabilidad condicional" ha sido incierta y, en ocasiones, controvertida durante al menos 50 años. Haurwitz la definió aproximadamente como la definición 1, lo que se ha aceptado con mayor frecuencia. Sin embargo, Byers utilizó una definición similar a la definición 2. Beers separó la definición en tres subdefiniciones, "tipo estable", que corresponde a la definición 1 cuando no es posible obtener una parcela húmeda, y "pseudolatente" y "latente real" que corresponde a la definición 2, aunque la última requiere esencialmente que CAPE sea mayor que CIN. Dutton se suscribe a la definición de Haurwitz, en tanto que Emanuel desarrolla una definición similar a la definición 2, aunque con una elaboración similar a la de Beers.

Term edited 24 August 2023.

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