gas constant

From Glossary of Meteorology


The constant factor in the equation of state for ideal gases.
The universal gas constant, also known as the molar or ideal gas constant, is

R* = 8.3144621(75) J mol-1 K-1.

The gas constant for a particular gas is

R = R*⁄m,

where m is the molecular weight of the gas. For a mixture, the "molecular weight" is a weighted mean of the molecular weights of the components:

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where m1, · · ·, mn are the molecular weights of the n gases, and f1, · · ·, fn are their masses relative to the total mass of the mixture. The gas constant for dry air is

Rd = 287 J K-1 kg-1.

The gas constant for water vapor is

Rv = 461 J K-1 kg-1.

For moist air, the variable percentage of water vapor is taken into account by retaining the gas constant for dry air while using the virtual temperature in place of the temperature.
See also Boltzmann's constant.

References: Mohr, P. J., B. N. Taylor, and D. B. Newell, 2012: CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2010. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 41, 043109, doi:10.1063/1.4724320.
Wallace, J. M., and P. V. Hobbs, 1977: Atmospheric Science: An Introductory Survey. Academic Press, 350 pp.

(Term edited 5/22/2014)

constante universal de los gases ideales

Es el factor constante en la ecuación de estado para los gases ideales.
La constante universal de los gases, también llamada constante molar o constante de los gases ideales, es

R* = 8.3144621(75) J mol-1 K-1.

La constante de los gases para un gas en particular es

R = R*⁄m,

donde m es el peso molecular del gas. Para una mezcla, el "peso molecular" es una media ponderada de los pesos moleculares de los componentes:

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donde m1, · · ·, mn son los pesos moleculares de los n gases y f1, · · ·, fn son sus masas relativas a la masa total de la mezcla. La constante de los gases para el aire seco es

Rd = 287 J K-1 kg-1.

La constante de los gases para el vapor de agua es

Rv = 461 J K-1 kg-1.

Para el aire húmedo, se toma en cuenta el porcentaje variable de vapor de agua al retener la constante de los gases para el aire seco mientras se usa la temperatura virtual en lugar de la temperatura.
Consulte también la constante de Boltzmann.

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