Southern Oscillation

Originally defined in 1924 by Gilbert Walker as a low-latitude, planetary- scale "seesaw" in sea level pressure, with one pole in the eastern Pacific and the other in the western Pacific–Indian Ocean region.

The pressure seesaw is associated with a global pattern of atmospheric anomalies in circulation, temperature, and precipitation. The primary timescale of the oscillation is interannual–multiyear, and it is now recognized to be primarily a response to basin-scale sea surface temperature variations in the equatorial Pacific arising from coupled ocean–atmosphere interactions, the opposite extremes of which are the El Niño and La Niña warm and cold events.
See also ENSO.
Philander, S. George 1990. El Niño, La Niña, and the Southern Oscillation. Academic Press, International Geophysics Series, Vol. 46.
Walker, G. T. 1924. Correlation of seasonal variations in weather IX: A further study of world weather. Mem. Indian Meteor. Dep.. 24. 275–332.

1. Regular markings on an instrument used to allow the reading of the measured quantity or setting.

The physics of the earth and its environment, that is, earth, air, and (by extension) space.

A series of operational polar-orbiting meteorological satellites launched by the former Soviet Union since 1969.