topography

From Glossary of Meteorology
  1. Generally, the disposition of the major natural and man-made physical features of the earth's surface, such as would be entered on a map.

This may include forests, rivers, highways, bridges, etc., as well as contour lines of elevation, although the term is often used to denote elevation characteristics (particularly orographic features) alone.

  1. The study or process of topographic mapping.
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